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Course Beginner

Introduction to Linux

By the end of this course

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01

Getting to Know the System

The distinction between kernel, distribution, and shell; command structure, the directory hierarchy, manual pages, and the executable search order.

  1. 01 The Unix Tradition and Linux The distinction between the kernel, distribution, and shell layers; the assumptions carried by the Unix design tradition and POSIX's promise of portability.
  2. 02 What Is a Shell The prompt, splitting the command line into words, performing expansions before the command runs, option forms, builtins, and exit status.
  3. 03 The Directory Hierarchy The single-rooted file tree, mount points, the standard directory layout, and step-by-step path resolution; building the project tree used throughout the course.
  4. 04 Help Resources Manual page section numbers, page structure, and synopsis notation; help for builtins and determining a command's type.
  5. 05 The Command Path The executable search order, how environment variables pass to processes, the command hash table, and why the current directory is not added to the search list.

02

File and Directory Operations

Navigation, creation, copying, moving, and deletion; hard and symbolic links, archiving, compression, and file transfer.

  1. 01 Navigation Commands Changing the working directory, reading the listing output column by column, sorting criteria, and accessing a file's complete metadata.
  2. 02 Creating, Copying, and Moving Creating files and setting timestamps, copying's overwrite behavior, the case where the target is a directory, and what moving means at the file system level.
  3. 03 Deletion and Irreversibility Defining deletion as unlinking, the effect of open file descriptors, verification habits for destructive commands, and the danger of filenames starting with a dash.
  4. 04 Links The distinction between a directory entry and an inode, a hard link sharing the same inode, a symbolic link holding a path string, and a comparison of the two kinds' constraints.
  5. 05 Archiving and Compression Separating archiving from compression, the archive format carrying metadata, the ratio–cost trade-off of compression algorithms, and verifying content before extracting.
  6. 06 File Transfer Remote copying over an encrypted shell, verifying the server's identity, incremental synchronization sending only what changed, and the meaning of the slash at the end of the source path.

03

Users and Permissions

The account model, identity files, octal notation for permission bits, ownership management, privilege escalation, and special permission bits.

  1. 01 Users and Groups Identity held as a number at the kernel level, the field structure of the account and group files, the distinction between primary and supplementary groups, and name resolution.
  2. 02 Permission Bits Splitting the nine permission bits into three classes and three access types, octal notation, the exclusivity of class selection, what bits mean differently in directories, and the mask that sets default permissions.
  3. 03 Changing Ownership Commands for changing owner and group, why transferring ownership requires privilege, symbolic link behavior in recursive changes, and opening a tree to a group.
  4. 04 Privilege Escalation The superuser's privilege of bypassing checks, the difference between switching users and delegating privilege per command, the structure of a privilege-delegation policy, and the principle of least privilege.
  5. 05 Special Permission Bits The three bits above the nine permission bits; setuid and setgid, which change who a program runs as, group inheritance in directories, and the sticky bit that narrows delete permission.

04

Package Management and Editors

Repository, dependency, and version resolution; installing, removing, and verifying packages; the repository trust model; and terminal text editors.

  1. 01 The Package Manager Concept A package's structure as files plus metadata, the function of the installed-package database, dependency resolution as a constraint problem, and version comparison rules.
  2. 02 Installing and Removing Packages The operation classes common to package manager families, reading the action list, the difference between removal and purging, and installation areas outside the package manager.
  3. 03 Repository Configuration The components of a repository definition, the chain of trust formed by a signed index and package checksums, verifying a key's fingerprint, and the consequences of repository priority.
  4. 04 Terminal Text Editors The design line from line editor to screen editor, comparing modal and modeless editors, basic editing commands, and declaring an editor choice through an environment variable.

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