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Course Beginner

Web Fundamentals and HTML

By the end of this course

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01

How the Web Works

What a markup language is, the stages the browser goes through from bytes to paint, the node tree's origin, and how resource loading affects parsing.

  1. 01 Markup Language Concept Markup's definition as a structural declaration added to text; the structure/presentation/behavior split and a declarative language's limits.
  2. 02 Browser Tasks Incoming bytes turning into characters, characters into tokens, tokens into a tree, and the tree into boxes on screen; each stage's input and output.
  3. 03 Document Object Model Concept The token stream's conversion into a node tree, how the stack works, node types, and the disconnect between the source text and the tree.
  4. 04 Resource Loading Order How script and style files hold up parsing and paint; comparing defer and async loading modes through an event timeline.

02

Document Structure

The tags that build an HTML document's skeleton, from document type and root structure through syntax rules, heading order, and tables.

  1. 01 Document Type and Root Structure The doctype declaration's function, the root element's language declaration, the head/body split, and unwritten elements being built by the parser.
  2. 02 Tags, Attributes, and Entities Tag and attribute writing rules, character reference resolution, the difference between text and attribute context, and recovery behavior in flawed markup.
  3. 03 Meta Tags How the charset declaration decides byte interpretation, the priority of sources that determine encoding, the viewport declaration, and named metadata.
  4. 04 Heading Hierarchy Heading level's function as a structural declaration, extracting the document's outline, the consequence of skipping a level, and headings' use as a navigation tool.
  5. 05 Text Tags Marking emphasis, quotation, abbreviation, definition, and code; whitespace collapsing and line-break behavior's dependence on the source text.
  6. 06 Lists The distinction among unordered, ordered, and definition lists; the ordered-list numbering rule, nested writing, and the structural justification for choosing a list.
  7. 07 Links Resolving relative and absolute addresses, determining the base address, the information link text carries, and link relationship declarations.
  8. 08 Tables Table elements' structure, header cells' scope, building the grid with colspan and rowspan, and computing a data cell's headers.

03

Semantic Markup and Media

Giving the document landmarks with sectioning elements; placing images, audio, video, and embedded content in an accessible and isolated way.

  1. 01 Semantic Section Tags How header, navigation, main content, and footer elements correspond to landmark roles, naming sections, and where a meaningless container belongs.
  2. 02 Article and Section Distinction Choosing between article and section with the independent-distributability test, the problem with an unheaded section, and the structure of nested articles.
  3. 03 Images What alternative text should say, how a size declaration affects layout, and how the same image gets served for different screens with a candidate set.
  4. 04 Figure and Caption The figure element's function as a content unit detachable from the flow, the difference between a caption and alternative text, and the order of the accessible-name calculation.
  5. 05 Audio and Video Controls for content that flows through time, the source-selection rule, caption and description tracks, and the rationale behind the autoplay restriction.
  6. 06 Embedded Content Embedding another document with a frame, the embedded document's isolation, the capability-restriction mechanism, and the performance and accessibility consequences of embedding.
  7. 07 Data Attributes Attaching data to a document without a name collision, the conversion between an attribute name and its program-side key, and the consequence of values always being strings.

04

Forms

The body of a form submission that reaches the server, input types, labeling, constraint validation, file upload, and accessible error reporting.

  1. 01 Form Structure The entry list a submission produces, the effect the submission method has on the url and the body, the reasoning behind choosing a method, and grouping fields.
  2. 02 Input Types The distinction between text, number, date, choice, and file fields; how much type information survives submission, and the shape values take when they reach the server.
  3. 03 Label-Field Relationship Explicit and implicit binding of a label to a field, the distinction between the id and name attributes, auditing cases where the bond is missing, and the limit of the placeholder.
  4. 04 Built-in Validation The validity states constraint attributes produce, submission being stopped, and why the same rules need to be reapplied on the server.
  5. 05 File Upload The value a file field produces, the multipart submission encoding's counterpart in the body, the accept type declaration, and where the size limit is enforced.
  6. 06 Form Accessibility Binding error messages to a field, building an error summary returned from the server, focus management, and the requirements of keyboard use.

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